Showing posts with label Kobudo. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Kobudo. Show all posts

Saturday, April 2, 2016

Tekko - Okinawan Horse Sense

Another traditional Okinawan kobudo tool members of Seiyo Shorin-Ryu learn is tekkō (鉄甲). Tekko (also ‘tecchu’) is known as Okinawa ‘knuckle dusters’ in English and have a North America equivalent known as ‘brass knuckles’. But if you decide to train with the North American version, it is best not to ‘horse’ around and get of the wrong side of the horse. Brass knuckles have been outlawed in some states as well as in some countries just like nunchaku - so learn your local laws. 
Using car keys as tekko, a very good
  self-defense weapon for women and men.
The origin of tekko is not clear but it appears to have originally been an accessory tool found in the ‘horse’ stables of Okinawa. There are many varieties of tekko and one simple variety was a horseshoe or modified  horseshoe

As a horseshoe, the curvature (‘U’) of the shoe was placed in the palm of the hand with the two ends projected outward. The curve was usually wrapped in a rag or rope to give the defender gripping capability. A modification included sharpening the tips of the horseshoe, while others were made from two horseshoes tied or welded together. There are likely many other designs, as these tools were easily carried by Okinawa martial artists.

Another variety of tekko originated from saddle stirrups. Many traditional tekko look similar to Western-style saddle stirrups, rather than those used by Japanese samurai. In its simplest form, such a tekko made from a horse stirrup would have been a D-shaped tool that wrapped around the hand. As these  evolved, stubs and sharpen protrusions were added to the arch of the D to deliver greater damage. These types of tekko were made from both metal and wood and the hand grip was also used for striking and blocking.

The traditional horse stirrup tekko
Another tool used in handling a horse harnessed to a carriage was used as tekko, while another tekko was developed by fishermen from a tool that assisted in hauling in fishing nets (similar to nunti bo) to protect hands from sharp coral.

There are similar hand weapons considered as a variety of tekko, such as the ‘yawara’ or ‘kuboton’, which were nothing more than a stick or rod held in the hand. Some had pointed tips, others had a flat surface that was used to strike an opponent as well as activate pressure points. 
Kuboton tekko

The chize kun bowas a short stick attached to a piece of rope that looped around the defender’s fingers to assist in retention of the weapon. Other tekko were made from wood with sharpened extensions which fit between the first and second fingers. 

The principal difference between Okinawan tekko and common variety of brass knuckles was not only mass of the object (brass knuckles have relatively high specific gravity) but most brass knuckles have four finger holes: traditional tekko had an open slot to place the hand and fist. 

There are modern versions of tekko, such as the ninja keychain tekko and the car key tekko. In the hands of a martial artist, the tekko can be an very effective weapon of self-defense for blocking, striking and  pressure point activation.

A ninjutsu tekko
Few martial arts schools include tekko in their curriculum; however, many affiliated with Juko Kai International train with tekko

Then there is the tekko-kagi, a farming implement used for reaping weeds and considered more of a ninjutsu weapon. The tekko-kagi included four iron spikes that looked more like a bear claw attached to a metal ring which fit around a person’s hand or wrist. Some of these were wicked-looking tools. 


A primitive tekko straight from the horse.


Sunday, September 27, 2015

Okinawa Karate & Kobudo, East Valley of Phoenix, Arizona

Gavin and Dennis train in kobudo with sansetsukon (3-sectional staff) and bo (6-foot staff) at the Arizona Hombu

At the Arizona Hombu in Mesa, Arizona, a variety of Japanese-Okinawan martial arts are taught to  adults and families. We are an active member of Juko Kai International, Zen Kokusai Soke Budo Bugei Renmei, Seiyo no Shorin-Ryu Karate Kobudo Kai and Soke Council. So, we have credentials and copies of our credentials are available to examine in our Hall-of-Fame dojo at the 60 W. Baseline Center in Mesa - right across the street from Chandler and Gilbert.

At our martial arts school, traditional karate is taught rather than sport. There are many reasons for this. One is that karate was thought to be a weapon for 4 to 5 centuries, and only certain factions of the art became sport in the 1950s removing many of the effective self-defense applications deemed unsafe for competition - so the sport was watered down. Another reason is in sport karate, the student is taught to "win" and to "lose"; whereas in traditional karate, the original goal is still the most important aspect of karate. As stated by Okinawan Shorin-Ryu master and father of modern karate, Gichin Funakoshi, "The Purpose of Karate lies not in victory or defeat, but in the perfection of its participants". In sport karate, the focus is victory, in traditional karate, the focus is "perfection of the participants".

Karate and Kobudo go hand in hand. Many of the same blocking, striking, grappling and throwing techniques are used in both, thus one are should be bended and taught with the other art. This was the way it was taught on Okinawa for centuries and when introduced to Japan after 1922, Japanese karate systems began to either eliminated kobudo, or slowly removed it from the curriculum. By doing so, a very large segment of karate was abandoned by the Japanese and later European and American karate instructors and schools.

But at the Arizona Hombu in Mesa, Arizona, the traditions of karate and kobudo are retained and taught to all who become students. So, compare any martial arts school in Arizona with what is taught at the Arizona Hombu, and decide if you are learning enough about martial arts. Here are some of the many karate & kobudo arts taught at the Hombu:

Karate
Samurai
  • Kempojutsu
  • Iaido (fast draw sword)
  • Sojutsu (Okinawan spear)
  • Naginatajutsu (Japanese Naginata or pole arm).
  • Jujutsu
  • Kenjutsu
  • Hanbo (3-foot staff)
  • Tanto (knife)
  • Hojojutsu (rope restraint)
  • Kubotan (short stick)
  • Bokken (wooden sword)
  • Jo (4-foot staff)
Kobudo
  • Bo (6-foot staff)
  • Kuwa (hoe)
  • Ra-ke (rake)
  • Tsune (cane)
  • Tekko (horse stirrups - knuckle dusters)
  • Sai (forks)
  • Tonfa (Side-handle batons)
  • Kioga (expandable baton)
  • Shurichin 
  • Manrikigusari & short rope
  • Nunchaku (two-sectional staff)
  • Sansetsukon (3-sectional staff)
  • Nitanbo (2-sticks)
  • Kama (sickles)
  • Gusarigama (chain & sickle)
  • Hara (Fish Hooks)
  • Eku (boat paddle)

In addition, the Seiyo Shorin-Ryu karate kobudo system contains about 70 kata compared to many arts that have only 8 to 20. These include short and long kata and each kata contains many bunkai (practical applications). 




Friday, January 23, 2015

Sansetsukon (3-sectional staff) at the Arizona Hombu, Mesa

Suzette blocks bo attack using sansetsukon during kobudo class at the Seiyo no Shorin-Ryu hombu in Mesa.

A few months ago, Ben, one of our more dedicated students at the hombu, arrived with san-setsu-kon (translates as ‘three-segmented-bo’) in hand, asking about its use and if we would learn to use this weapon in class. Ben is into martial arts weapons and periodically shows up with uncommon weapons. Not too long ago, he came to our karate school (dojo) with an odachi in hand – a samurai sword that is as long as most people are tall.

You will find little information about sansetsukon on the Internet even though a few books have been written by Chinese martial artists on the subject. I have not seen these books so I have no idea if they are of value, but I warn people to be careful of purchasing martial arts books: most have little value and most are poorly written and not worth reading, but there are a handful of martial arts books that are good.

A sansetsukon is a Chinese martial arts weapon adapted by Okinawan karate practitioners for kobudo. In Chinese, sansetsukon is known as sanjiegum (三節棍) and referred to as a coiling dragon, probably because it gives the impression of a coiled dragon, and also because it bites its user like a coiled dragon until they can tame this beast with considerable training. The weapon consists of three  sectional sticks with a combined length typical for many bo. These are attached by rope, chain, or rings and originally used as a flail by Chinese farmers. In martial arts it is used similar to surujin, bo and nunchaku combined. And like the surujin, it causes problems even for the most adept kobudo practitioners. 
A coiling dragon, sketch copyright by Soke Hausel

In the past, staves were manufactured from bamboo, white oak, wax wood, red maple or metal. Today, most are made of aluminum, bamboo, rattan, foam rubber or a variety of hardwood.

The three-sectional staff is a brutal weapon particularly to those new to its use, whether you are on the receiving or attacking end. Even so, you will find it is an effective tool after you begin to feel comfortable with it. And just like the nunchaku, I recommend starting with foam padded sansetsukon

Some suggest that the sansetsukon was introduced to Okinawa from the Chinese Fuijian province by Soke Shinko Matayoshi (1888-1947) who also created two kata for the Matayoshi Shorin-Ryu Kobudo system. The two kata were referred to as sansetsukon dai ichi and sansetsukon dai ni. At the Arizona Hombu, we will learn basics, bunkai and sansetsukon no kata

The sansetsukon, or three staved nunchuku, is a
difficult weapon to master. 
Soke Shinko was succeeded by his son Shimpo Matayoshi (1921-1997). Following the death of Shimpo, Matayoshi Kobudo fragmented into different groups with one headed by Yasushi Matayoshi who operates the Matayoshi hombu dojo in Okinawa known as the Kodokan. Kodokan refers to a place where one can receive “Instruction in the Way”; and there is more than one Kodokan training center. The best known is that of the Judo Kodokan (35o42’28”N; 139o45’13”E) founded by Jigiro Kano in Tokyo, which is an incredible, 8-story dojo. If you use the above coordinates on Google Earth, you can visit the Judo Kodokan on aerial photography.

In 2003, the University of Wyoming Campus Shorin-Ryu Karate and Kobudo club brought the well-known Okinawan martial artist Tadashi Yamashita to the university to teach a clinic, which some of you reading this newsletter likely remember. Yamashita is one of the more famous students of Shimpo Matayoshi

If you are into martial arts movies, this weapon was used by Jackie Chan in the 2000 movie Shanghai Noon. It was also seen in the 1980 movie The Victim and the 2006 movie Fearless. 


"Optimism" - pencil sketch of a coiling dragon,
copyright by Soke Hausel



Thursday, November 14, 2013

Martial Arts Weapons and Gardening in Arizona


As Ryan attacks with tanto (knife), Adam blocks with the ei (handle) of the
kuwa. We found that most hoe from Lowe's will work as long as the
blade is secured to the
 handle
Weeding a garden can get boring quickly. To stem boredom, I often take a break and shadow box the imaginary ninja climbing over my wall while invading my back yard with their chains (manrikigusari), sickles (gusarigama), swords (katana), star darts (suriken) and nunchuks (nunchaku). But the Gilbert ninjas are no match for my hoe (kuwa) or rake (ra-ke). 

The battle begins after I've removed a few weeds and my mind  wanders. Soon, there are ninjas climbing all over my back wall! Using my peasant hoe I purchased from the nearby hardware store, I take on the well-armed ninjas. 

I block the attack from a club (hanbo) from the ninja who strikes to the top of my head using my 'ei' (handle) and follow with a cut to his toes using the kuwaba (bladed end of the hoe). While the ninja is hopping around on his good foot, I finish him by hooking the back of his good knee with the kuwaba pulling him off balance and quickly chambered my weapon to finish him with tsuki (thrust strike) on the knee cap. You should of heard him yell. 


Amada blocks bo strike from Adam using the 'ei' of the kuwa.
I strike overhead in an attempt to hit the next ninja - but he blocks my hoe with his bo. So I quickly hook his bo pulling him off balance and swing the hoe striking with non-bladed end knocking him into my swimming pool. I strike the next ninja with the butt of the handle and the battle is over. I take a deep breath, observe the damage to my garden, and then continue removing weeds until the next wave of ninja invade my garden (and mind). It was a good day to be a peasant in Gilbert Arizona.
Neal attacks with knife but is stopped by thrust with blade
end of kuwa.

We teach peasants from Chandler, Gilbert, Mesa, Phoenix, Tempe and Scottsdale. Kuwa is just one of the many garden tools that we teach our peasants. A form of shadow boxing, known as kata, helps all of us karate practitioners to become experts in martial arts. How else could we defend against so many ninja with just a hoe or rake?


Friday, December 16, 2011

Arizona's Karate and Kobudo Classes, Schools and Instructors


Nunchaku training in Seiyo Shorin-Ryu Karate Kobudo Kai. Photo
 shows (from Left to Right) Dr. Adam, Sempai Scofield, Sensei
Borea and Sempai Lang.
Traditional Okinawa Shorin-Ryu Karate training also involves training in kobudo (the ancient art of traditional weapons), jujutsu, shitai kori (body hardening) and much more. Our adult students learn to effectively use hands and feet as well as common every day tools and the traditional kobudo tools from Okinawa used by farmers, merchants and fishermen for weapons of self-defense.

Soke Hausel also teaches private clinics with a variety of modern weapons - including magazines, books,  car keys, rocks, coins, pens, etc..
shitai kori (body hardening)
Dr. Adam poses after demonstrating use of common everyday tools for self-defense for
a typical nerd. In this demo, he used pens, classes, belt and even his trousers as weapons.
Dr. Adam demonstrated the use of the Corn Huskers tools as self-defense
weapons. He stand here with a corncob pipe, farmers hat, corncob chuks
handkerchief, and suspenders, all potential weapons.
Been to the library lately? Soke Hausel teaches clinic to Chandler librarians
 on common tools for self-defense that included cell phones, car keys,
PC computers and even books.

Dr Adam hooks back of Rich's knee during bunkai training with kuwa (garden hoe) and
bo (6-foot staff) at the Arizona School of Traditional karate in Mesa, Arizona



Tuesday, May 4, 2010

KOBUDO - the Art of Okinawan Karate Weapons in Mesa, Arizona

The joseki wall of our Hombu Dojo, Mesa, Arizona. These are only a small part of the Kobudo
Tools used by our students and instructors. Unfortunately, due the the plandemic, we had to
close our dojo in Mesa in 2021 like many other martial arts schools. But, Hall-of-Fame instructor
Soke Hausel continues to teach martial arts in 2022 at two private locations in Gilbert and Mesa, Arizona. He is available to teach clinics to private groups in karate, self-defense, kobudo and
samurai arts. Today, he only accepts good, honest students with or without previous training.
Contact Soke Hausel at Shorin-Ryu.Karate@ProtonMail.com

Updated, January, 2022. By learning kobudo arts, one discovers they can use not only the ancient fishing, merchant and farming tools from Okinawa's past, but the also discover that tools are all around them that can be used for self-defense. Just think how you might use your belt, the magazine you are reading, that stick or rock on the ground, your car keys, the change in your pocket, a cell phone, pen, etc. Most anything can be used as a tool of self defense. Kobudo is a martial art that is blended with karate, especially in the Okinawa systems.

There are many fighting systems, but only a few can be classified as a martial art. Boxing is not a martial art, wresting is not a martial art, MMA is not a martial art - these do not fit the definition of martial art. 

Members of Seiyo No Shorin-Ryu Karate Kobudo Kai practice kobudo and kobujutsu. By learning these disciplines, a person is prepared to use their belt, pen, baton, car keys, cell phone, book or most anything they can get their hands on as tools for self defense. At this moment, think about what you are wearing, what you have in your pockets, what is near you – what kind of weapons do you have? How could you use these for self-defense. Or imagine you are going to teach a class in kobudo and you can only use what tools you find within 3 feet of you. How would you use these for blocks and strikes?

Kobudo is a martial art that blended with karate in the Okinawan systems. However, there are many Asian and American hybrids that have elected to remove kobudo from their curriculum for unknown reasons. Even many of the Japanese karate styles eliminated kobudo in the 20th century.When I trained in Kyokushin, Kempo, Wado-Ryu and Shotokan, no weapons were ever introduced, or even mentioned. 

A tonfa across the collarbone - ouch. Here, Ryan
trains in Kobudo at the Hombu in Mesa - Ryan
was one of my top students - Soke
There are many fighting systems in the world, but only a few can be classified as martial art. ‘Martial’ translates in Japanese as bu, a word found in budo. Budo translates as ‘martial ways’ implying that there is some form of mental or spiritual benefit. Bushido translates as the way (or path) of bushi (warrior) or basically a warrior’s code of ethics. Other words that use bu as a root include bujutsu which is different than budo. Bujutsu refers to the old (koryu) Japanese martial fighting methods and schools that were developed by feudal samurai, whereas budo refers to modern fighting arts that have included a spiritual and ethical emphasis. Kobujutsu refers to ancient fighting methods of the samurai which is different than kobudo – the art of ancient weaponry. 

Systems of kobujutsu have been practiced in Japan for centuries. In Japan, kobujutsu was for the most part, restricted to samurai. Whereas on Okinawa, kobudo was considered a peasant’s art. Jutsu translates as a skill or discipline and does not suggest any philosophical self-perfection suggested by ‘do’. Thus karatejutsu is a group fighting skills with no spiritual goals or emphasis, whereas karatedo is a method of empty hand fighting techniques that has as its goal; self-improvement of the person. In a strict sense, it could be argued that karatejutsu is not a martial art as it does not provide any esoteric value.

Valid martial arts have always had an underlying code of ethics and spiritual benefit. We can see the evolution of this code by examining legends surrounding the progenitor of martial arts. According to these legends, some form of martial art was introduced to the Shaolin monks in the Henan Province, northern China around 520 AD by an Indian monk named Bodhidharma. Bodhidharma is believed to have introduced Zen Buddhism to China and is considered the father of martial arts. 

Bodhidharma was a son of an Indian King. He traveled from southern India to China during the Liáng Dynasty (502–557AD). His route took him through the Himalaya Mountains and it is said he carried two books known as the I Chin Ching and Hseiu Seu Ching that are suggested to have contained descriptions of self-defense techniques. Bodhidharma crossed the Yangtzu River and continued north where he took residence at the Shao Lin Temple in Ho Nan Province. There are countless legends about this individual, although many are exaggerated. For example, Bodhidharma is described to have attained enlightenment while meditating and facing a wall of a cave without blinking his eyes for 7 to 9 years at the Shorinji Temple (少林寺) on Mt Song (嵩山). 

At the temple, he began lectures in Zen. Each evening, he would climb down from a nearby cave to the monastery and lecture. Apparently early on, he discovered that the Shaolin monks were unfit and lazy and often fell asleep during mediation. To correct this he began teaching a set of physical exercises in conjunction with meditation called 'Shi Po Lohan Sho' (18 hands of Lohan) that are reputed to have been a fighting form from India. By adding physical training with spiritual training, the monks began to gain focus. Thus he created the first martial art whether by accident or design that combined spiritual and physical training. Following years of meditation and ch'uan fa (kung fu) practice, the Shaolin monks developed a reputation as enlightened priests and formable fighters throughout China. Many Lohan techniques that were taught, were derived from a study of animals – such as a tiger or crane. This resulted in a variety of forms of ch’uan fa, such as tiger kung fu, monkey kung fu, white crane kung fu.

 Sketch by Soke

Bodhidharma’s cave located north of the monastery is described to be a square-mouthed cave about the size of a small room that opened directly to the sun. Legend claims that he stopped returning to the monastery after some time and just sat continuously facing the wall of the cave, legs crossed, in silent contemplation. After facing the wall for three thousand days, his shadow was preserved on the stone face. It is said that from a distance, one can still see the shape of a man sitting cross-legged with his hands pressed together on the rock face. 

Centuries later, kung fu was introduced to Okinawa. But Okinawans took the characteristic circular and gymnastic-like movements of kung fu and modified them into linear, pragmatic and powerful techniques. How, why, and when this evolution occurred is unclear. History records an important event that may have influenced the introduction of kung fu to the Ryukyu (Okinawa) Islands. In 1374 AD, China and Okinawa formalized trade relations. The event was accompanied by an imperial gift from China in the form of 36 families of skilled artisans and merchants who migrated from Fukien (also known as Fujian) Province of southeastern China to Okinawa. These families established a community known as Kumermura near Naha City. It is suggested that members of these families introduced kung fu to Okinawa. Although others suggest that the 36 families were not educated in martial arts and rather than various Okinawans traveled to China to study the Chinese hand (known as Tode to the Okinawans).

Tai Chi Lady (copyright) - sketch by
Soke Hausel
A martial arts text known as the Bubishi was thought to have possibly accompanied the Kumermura families. The Bubishi is interpreted as a textbook of White Crane kung fu methods that were originally taught in the southern Shaolin temple at Chiu Lung Mountain near Foochow City in the Pu T'ien District of the Fukien Province. The originator of the White Crane Fist style is believed to have been Fang Chi Liang, a woman who resided in Yong Chun (for those of you who attended the UW yudansha clinic in March, you were introduced to this art). The Bubishi includes martial arts techniques but it is a seemingly paradoxical document that stresses preservation of human life (a tenant of Buddhist philosophy), yet teaches Okurasu Goroshi or vital point strikes designed to knock out, maim, or kill an opponent. 

The Chinese influence on karate is seen in kanji used to describe tode. The kanji refers to the T'ang Dynasty (618-907 AD) (the golden age of culture for China) as well as to China in general. Literally, the kanji means 'Chinese hand'. Furthermore, the kanji used to describe Shorin-Ryu is translated as Shaolin style in Chinese in reference to the Shaolin temple in the Henan Province.

Te (copyright) - sketch by Soke Hausel
The term for tode (Chinese hand) was later changed to karate. Karate is derived from the Japanese kara meaning empty, and te meaning hand. When speaking of karate, traditionalists attach the word do (‘way’ or ‘path’). Translated, karatedo means the 'way of the empty hand'. Many people would take this at face value meaning a method of bare-handed self defense. But the ideograph used for 'kara' not only represents empty, but also represents 'void' or sunyata. Sunyata is the Sanskrit term for emptiness or nothingness which has profound, meaning in Buddhism. In principal, sunyata` is derived from a Buddhist concept of 'no-mind', a form of Zen training that in essence, is an ego-less state of mind that frees one from fear of death or failure. 


In 1480 AD, Okinawan King Sho Shin issued an edict that prohibited the private ownership of bladed weapons. The king, being nonviolent Buddhist, believed his subjects should also be nonviolent. But not all were as peaceful as the king. Following the edict, secret societies formed to practice te and kobudo as a means of self protection. Farmers and fishermen developed fighting methods using tools of trade and karate and kobudo were blended. These became methods for individual self-defense rather than for military such as that of the samurai of nearby Japan. 

The ban on bladed weapons and with no military, it was a matter of time before Okinawa would be invaded. Thus in 1609 AD, Lord Shimazu with the Satsuma Samurai Clan of southern Japan obliged Okinawa and invaded and conquered the Ryukyu Islands with little resistance. The 3000 samurai invaders left the political and sociological infrastructure in tack and ruled indirectly by levying high taxes while assuming control of Okinawan’s foreign trade that had been robust. This led to rapid decline of the Okinawan economy. During this time, karate was developed into a pragmatic method of self-defense.

The samurai banned the practice of martial arts. This stimulated the evolution of karate and kobudo as virulent arts. It is likely that kata became prominent in the Ryukyu culture at this time as a means to disguise the art from the Japanese, as well as a method for preserving favorite and effective techniques. Karate and kobudo were practiced in secrecy for more than 400 years: documents about karate during this period of development are nonexistent as the art was kept completely secret. 

In 1868, the Meiji restoration of Japan abolished feudalism along with the rule of Samurai. Samurai could no longer wear swords in public and the government abolished the Ryukyu Kingdom essentially making Okinawa a feudal clan of Japan in 1872 (even though feudalism had been abolished in the rest of Japan). The Satsuma rebelled against the Meiji government in 1877 but were conquered by the modern Japanese army. This was followed by the Japanization of Okinawa in 1879 and the last Okinawan King was exiled to Tokyo and a Japanese governor replaced him in Shuri City. 


Soke Hausel demonstrates teisho uchi (palm strike) with the help of Shihan
Gewecke from Gillette, Wyoming. Soke reports he had some world-class
karate students at the University of Wyoming - Shihan Gewecke was one of those
outstanding students!

Many of these events lead to development of karate techniques into highly effective strikes designed to paralyze, kill, or maim an opponent with a single blow. Kata incorporated omote (hidden techniques) , okurasu goroshi (death blows), and tien hsueh (vital point strikes). A master of kobudo, using tools of trade as weapons, could defend against a well-armed aggressor and body hardening methods evolved to the point that some Okinawans were able to take full-force blows to any point on the body with little effect. This philosophy of ‘one strike – one kill’ was used effectively by all Shorin-Ryu styles until the late 20th century when many forms of sport karate eliminated most pragmatic applications of karate and kobudo.

In 1901, Anko Itosu of Okinawa (Itosu Yasutsune in Japanese) was instrumental in introducing karate into the Okinawa public schools. To simplify karate, Itosu developed the pinan (peaceful mind) katas from two advanced kata forms known as kusanku (kanku in Japanese) and chiang nan. The kusanku kata still exists but the chiang nan kata, known as the channan kata, was lost. Itosu also broke down the complex naihanchi kata (tekki in Japanese) into 3 separate naihanchi forms.

The father of modern Karate
Gichin Funakoshi (copyright) - sketch
by Soke Hausel
Many Okinawan karate masters were concerned about providing Japanese with the secrets of their system. But the secrecy of this self-defense and self-enlightenment art continued to come out in the open. Following introduction of karate into public schools, Gichin Funakoshi presented the first public karate demonstration on Okinawa in 1902. Both Itosu and Funakoshi were school teachers and masters of Shorin-Ryu karate. Even with the eventual introduction of karate to Japan, it was apparent that the Okinawans did not trust the Japanese. Many techniques (bunkai) taught to the Japanese were incorrect and ineffective and Funakoshi also taught a watered-down version of Shorin-Ryu karate to the Japanese. Funakoshi also taught karate should not be used against others and instead should be used to improve oneself. He also did not support (as did many Okinawan masters) karate being developed into a sport. Karate instead was to be used as a way of cultivating the spirit.

In 1917, Gichin Funakoshi traveled to Kyoto to demonstrate Okinawan karate. In 1922, at the age of 53, he was invited back at the request of Japanese officials for another demonstration of karate. Following this second demonstration, karate was formally accepted on mainland Japan. In 1936, Funakoshi established a permanent dojo in Tokyo known as the Shotokan. Funakoshi's training philosophy was that kata, makiwara training, and kotekitae (body hardening) was all that was necessary in preparation of self defense. This is a similar philosophy of Seiyo Shorin-Ryu Karate and Kobudo taught at the University of Wyoming, Casper, Wyoming, Gillette, Wyoming and at the Mesa Arizona Hombu. For some reason, the Japanese karate did not include kobudo although early photographs of show Funakoshi demonstrating bojutsu.

The Okinawan kobudo weapons include: sai, nunchuku, Tonfa (police baton), Sai, Kama (Sickle), Hanbo (half-staff), Nitanbo (two sticks), Cane, Bo (staff), Kobutan, Eku (oar), Ra-ke (rake), Kuwa (hoe), Manrikigusari (rope), Tanto (knife), Hari (fish hooks), Nireki (two rakes), Surichin (weighted rope), tetsubo (stinger), tekko, tinbe, yawara, suruji, tanto and more. 

One of the more common weapons is the bo - a 6-foot staff. The bo has been used and still is used by Okinawan (and Asian) farmers to transport materials. The bo is placed over the shoudler and goods attached to either end. But when needed - the bo is quite handy to the Okinawan farmer.


Dr. Amit Diksit from India, PhD in Electrical Engineering
practices
 bo at the University of Wyoming 
The sai is a dagger is a dagger-shaped truncheon that has a pointed truncheon with two curved prongs known as yoku that project from the handle. Most have parallel yoku, but another sai with opposing yoku is also used. Typically two zai are used, but three zai may also be employed with two held in hand and the third sai held in the obi (belt). The tonfa (also tuifa) is thought to have been a handle for a millstone. It is such an effective weapon that it became in popular use by police departments worldwide. Another weapon that is a baton, similar to the hanbo (or half bo) is the kioga (expandable baton), which is now taught in many kobudo schools. Other weapons that are now included in kobudo are the katana (samurai sword) once outlawed on Japan as well as the yari (spear) and naginata (halberd).


Sensei Kyle Linton from Wellington Colorado blocks tanto (knife) attack from Hanshi Andy Finely (8th dan) from Casper, Wyoming at a University of Wyoming clinic. These two students
were world class martial artists!